{"id":2872,"date":"2026-07-30T14:38:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:38:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/?wsa_session=smoking-as-a-modifiable-risk-factor-in-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus"},"modified":"2026-07-30T14:38:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T14:38:02","slug":"smoking-as-a-modifiable-risk-factor-in-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus","status":"publish","type":"wsa_session","link":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/?wsa_session=smoking-as-a-modifiable-risk-factor-in-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus","title":{"rendered":"Smoking as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 Smoking is classified as a modifiable risk factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). \u2022 Pathophysiological mechanisms by which components of tobacco smoke cause glucose intolerance and worsen clinical outcomes in patients with T2DM include: increased insulin resistance, impaired \u03b2-cell function and insulin secretion, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, indirect interaction with other factors that worsen diabetes.Control of risk factors in people with diabetes mellitus: blood pressure, glycemia, lipid profile, smoking, physical activity, body weight control, dietary habits.\u2022 Epidemiological studies on the association between cigarette smoking and the development of type 2 diabetes have shown, in a study of 50,000 Chinese individuals followed for 5.4 years, that participants who smoked \u226520 cigarettes per day had an increased hazard ratio for developing T2D of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.00\u20131.56), while men with a smoking history of \u226540 cigarettes had an increased risk of T2D of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04\u20131.57).\u2022 In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) study of 2,704 men and 3,385 women, smoking was shown to be associated with an increase in HbA1c. Smokers of both sexes showed similar changes in HbA1c values\u2014[an increase of 0.12% per 20 pack-years].\u2022 Healthy diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and regular blood glucose monitoring are the main recommendations for diabetes control. \u2022 If you are not a smoker, do not start smoking; if you are, the best choice is to quit.\u2022 Is there an alternative for those who choose an unhealthy lifestyle despite negative health consequences?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-2872","wsa_session","type-wsa_session","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/wsa_session\/2872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/wsa_session"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/wsa_session"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.dslm.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}